Estrés postraumático. Descubre cómo enfrentarlo y superarlo

Por lo acontecido en las últimas semanas, parte de la población presenta conductas erráticas que les hacen sentir confusión, desesperanza, falta de energí­a, insomnio y un estado de alerta continua. Lo anterior es conocido como estrés agudo o estrés postraumático.

Cuando experimentamos un evento tan inesperado como lo es un terremoto de la magnitud que presenciamos el pasado 19 de septiembre, hasta la fibra más íntima de nuestro ser se agita, provocándonos infinidad de respuestas.

Inmediatamente pensamos en nuestros seres queridos, familiares, amigos y deseamos que todo estén bien, tratamos de establecer inmediatamente comunicación con ellos, con la idea de que nada grave haya ocurrido, lo que incrementa el nivel de estrés que podemos soportar.

Las tecnologías de la comunicación en segundos nos informaban acerca del evento y de los daños provocados en determinados puntos de la Ciudad de México, Puebla y Morelos, y si a ello le sumamos el recuerdo del sismo anterior que afectó a más de un estado, el impacto del suceso aumenta y con ello, la exposición al estrés.

 

Algunos síntomas de estrés postraumático

 

Lo natural es que nuestra capacidad para hacer frente a este evento catastrófico e inesperado se ponga en juego, y al cabo de unos días o semanas regresemos a nuestro punto de equilibrio. Sin embargo, en ocasiones nuestras destrezas y habilidades internas no se encuentran en nuestro punto más alto y es entonces cuando comenzamos a sentirnos vulnerables, aumentando el riesgo de presentar determinados síntomas o problemas relacionados al estrés postraumático, como:

  • Crisis emocionales y de llanto sin razón aparente
  • Decaimiento
  • Irritabilidad
  • Ansiedad
  • Nerviosismo
  • Tristeza
  • Preocupación exagerada
  • Pérdida o aumento de apetito
  • Dolor muscular
  • Sudoración de manos
  • Sensación de que sigue temblando
  • Creemos escuchar la alarma sísmica
  • Permanecemos en un estado de alerta que nos impide dormir o continuar con nuestras actividades habituales
  • Problemas en nuestras relaciones interpersonales y hasta problemas en nuestro desempeño laboral.

Cómo liberarse

 

Si presentamos cualquiera de estos síntomas es preciso reconocerlos, tocarlos y darnos permiso de vivirlos, antes de que el estrés postraumático se convierta en un problema más agudo, que afecte no tan solo nuestra esfera individual, sino también la familiar, social y laboral.

¿Qué sentimientos nos provocan el miedo a experimentar estos síntomas? ¿A quién recurrir en busca de apoyo? ¿Cómo podemos apoyar nosotros a quién nos necesite? Cada persona tiene un tiempo y una forma de enfrentar estas crisis, el aprendizaje familiar y las experiencias pasadas como adultos fuera de casa nos hacen capaces para validar nuestras fortalezas.

Podemos iniciar nuestra recuperación y ayudar a la recuperación de otros: Escuchando activamente, respetar, acompañar, abrazar o permanecer cerca de quien nos necesite o aun si fuera un desconocido que requiere de apoyo.

Posibles impactos en el lugar de trabajo causados por estrés postraumático después del sismo

 

  • Mayor intolerancia y paciencia ante situaciones estresantes del día a dí­a, que se puede volcar en grandes discusiones de la nada, incluso riñas
  • Aumento en el consumo de alcohol y drogas
  • Ausentismo por miedo al lugar de trabajo
  • Disminución de la productividad y claridad para tomar decisiones, entre otros.

Nuestro servicio de Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos ofrece:

  • La información necesaria y oportuna para una pronta recuperación emocional.
  • Apoyo personalizado para escuchar y proporcionar diferentes opciones de autoayuda.
  • Ubicar al participante en la realidad que debe afrontar.
  • Trabajar dinámicas grupales de participación para identificar sentimientos comunes.
  • Asertividad
  • Inteligencia emocional
  • Empatí­a
  • Comunicación

 

Contáctanos y te explicamos como podemos identificar a personas en niveles bajo, moderado o muy probable a padecer eventos de estrés postraumático que afectan el equilibrio y buen ambiente de trabajo.

 

Texto elaborado por Psic. María del Pilar Trejo Escobar. Especialista en primeros auxilios psicológicos, intervención en crisis, manejo del duelo y coach personal.

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