¿Cómo el trabajo afecta tu salud mental?

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Con el paso del tiempo el trabajo se ha convertido en una de las actividades de mayor importancia que realizamos no sólo en el transcurso del día, sino en nuestras vidas. Lo cual ha generado el aumento en el desarrollo de diferentes trastornos psicológicos. Continúa leyendo y conoce más sobre este tema.

 

Nuestro actual estilo de vida ha incrementado la aparición de enfermedades como sobrepeso, hipertensión y diabetes, pero también ha llevado a la creación de nuevas patologías relacionadas a la salud mental. En los últimos años diversos estudios han encontrado una importante relación entre la actividad laboral y los trastornos psicológicos, pues el trabajo ya no sólo representa una actividad económica, también se ha convertido en una parte importante de nuestra identidad, como una pieza clave para realización personal.

 

Sin embargo, como lo menciona Javier Fernández Montalvo en su texto “Los trastornos psicológicos derivados del trabajo: Hacia una psicopatología laboral”, el desempeño laboral se encuentra fuertemente ligado a la satisfacción laboral, misma que se convierte en un reflejo de la salud mental del trabajador, ya que factores como:

  • Salario
  • Relaciones interpersonales
  • Exigencias del puesto y las capacidades personales, entre otros. Influyen en el bienestar psicológico de las personas, pero al hacerlo de manera negativa es posible desarrollar trastornos psicológicos:

4 trastornos psicológicos desencadenados por el trabajo

 

  1. Estrés laboral. Uno de los trastornos psicológicos más comunes es el estrés laboral, se presenta cuando las exigencias que tenemos son más de las que podemos atender. En ese momento nuestro cuerpo genera como una respuesta a dichas exigencias el estrés, preparándonos para una intensa actividad motora. Sin embargo, cuando esta situación se presenta constantemente tiende a generar reacciones negativas, desencadenando en problemas físicos.

 

  1. Adicción al trabajo. Fernández Montalvo señala que la “laboro dependencia” se caracteriza por una pérdida de control respecto a los límites del trabajo, interfiriendo negativamente en la vida cotidiana (relaciones personales, tiempo de ocio, estado de salud, etc.)

Cabe señalar que la alta competitividad y la alta valoración social del trabajo, son clave para el desarrollo de este trastorno.

 

  1. Consecuencias negativas por el horario laboral. Problemas para conciliar el sueño, cambios en el ritmo cardiaco, y la aislación del individuo de la sociedad, son algunos de las consecuencias negativas de exigentes horarios laborales. Aunque los daños son más notables para quienes suelen trabajar por turnos (veladores, policías, etc.). Lo mismo sucede con horarios extendidos de trabajo, donde la persona convive más con sus compañeros que con su familia, el sedentarismo aumenta al igual que el estrés, lo cual puede generar problemas de salud como hipertensión arterial.

 

  1. Depresión y ansiedad. De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la depresión es uno de los principales trastornos psicológicos causantes de discapacidad laboral. Este trastorno se desarrolla por factores negativos relacionados al entorno laboral, entre ellos podríamos mencionar: Comunicación ineficiente, escaso poder de decisión del trabajador, bajo apoyo al personal, horarios de trabajo poco accesibles, etc.

 

¿Cómo ayudar?

 

La prevención de riesgos laborales no es exclusiva para aquellos daños físicos, también se debe contemplar la salud mental, pues un correcto estado de salud emocional permite un adecuado desarrollo de la actividad laboral. Por ello es importante:

  • Promover y procurar un equilibrio saludable entre lo personal y laboral.
  • Evaluar constantemente el entorno laboral.
  • Proporcionar apoyo al personal que lo necesite.

 

Los trastornos psicológicos laborales pueden prevenirse. Contáctanos y conoce más sobre nuestros programas de bienestar laboral, en Wellness México podemos ayudarte a ayudarlos.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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